22, 24 If patients were receiving IMV at hospital days 0 and/or 14 the following respiratory data points were also collected: respiratory rate (RR, breaths per minute), tidal volume (V T, mL), minute ventilation (V E, L/min), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP, cmH 2O), mean airway pressure (MAP, cmH 2O). 22, 24 Respiratory data points were gathered in the following categories for all patients at hospital days 0 and 14: mode of supplemental oxygenation/ventilation, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2, %), pH/PCO 2 from blood gas (arterial if available, if not calculated from venous sample using the correction of +0.04 for pH and -0.06 for PvCO2), PaO 2 (from ABG or if unavailable, calculated from the SpO 2 at time of sampling), and P: F ratio. Disease severity index scores were calculated at days 0, 7, and 28: sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA, with PaO 2 from arterial blood gas, ABG, or if unavailable, calculated from pulse oximeter saturation ), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score (APACHE II), and Ordinal Scale. Medications received by hospital days 0, 7, and 28 were recorded. Lab value data points were gathered in the following categories for all patients on hospital days 0, 7, and 28: ferritin and D-dimer. 20, 21ĭemographic data points were gathered in the following categories for all patients: age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and pre-existing conditions. 17– 19 Barotrauma was seen in 30% of patients receiving IMV diagnosed with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), 44% of patients treated for influenza A H7N9 (H7N9), and 8% of patients treated for influenza A H1N1 (H1N1). For example, in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV1) barotrauma was seen in 34% of patients receiving IMV and up to 15% of patients receiving NIV. 15, 16 It is difficult to fully assess the disparity between these early reports however, given that COVID-19 is still a relatively new disease process, and looking at data from other viral respiratory illnesses, the true incidence of barotrauma in COVID-19 is likely much greater than initially thought. Initial retrospective data from China suggest that barotrauma was seen in as few as 3% of patients with COVID-19 receiving IMV (2% of patients total) whereas a subsequent study reported that up to 19% of patients with COVID-19 receiving IMV had evidence of extrapleural air on imaging, sometimes without clinical correlation. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS
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